Objectives: Exam 102

Topic 105: Shells, Scripting and Data Management

105.1 Customize and use the shell environment

Key Knowledge Areas

• Set environment variables (e.g. PATH) at login or when spawning a new shell.

• Write BASH functions for frequently used sequences of commands.

• Maintain skeleton directories for new user accounts.

• Set command search path with the proper directory.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/profile

• env

• export

• set

• unset

• ~/.bash_profile

• ~/.bash_login

• ~/.profile

• ~/.bashrc

• ~/.bash_logout

• function

• alias

• lists

105.2 Customize or write simple scripts

Key Knowledge Areas

• Use standard sh syntax (loops, tests).

• Use command substitution.

• Test return values for success or failure or other information provided by a command.

• Perform conditional mailing to the superuser.

• Correctly select the script interpreter through the shebang (#!) line.

• Manage the location, ownership, execution and suid-rights of scripts.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• for

• while

• test

• if

• read

• seq

105.3 SQL data management

Key Knowledge Areas

• Use of basic SQL commands.

• Perform basic data manipulation.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• insert

• update

• select

• delete

• from

• where

• group by

• order by

• join

Topic 106: User Interfaces and Desktops

106.1 Install and configure X11

Key Knowledge Areas

• Verify that the video card and monitor are supported by an X server.

• Install and configure an X font server.

• Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/X11/xorg.conf

• xhost

• DISPLAY

• xwininfo

• xdpyinfo

• X

106.2 Setup a display manager

Key Knowledge Areas

• Turn the display manager on or off.

• Change the display manager greeting.

• Change default color depth for the display manager.

• Configure display managers for use by X-stations.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/inittab

• xdm configuration files

• kdm configuration files

• gdm configuration files

106.3 Accessibility

Key Knowledge Areas

• Keyboard Accessibility Settings (AccessX?)

• Visual Settings and Themes

• Assistive Technology (ATs)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• Sticky/Repeat Keys

• Slow/Bounce/Toggle Keys

• Mouse Keys

• High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes

• Screen Reader

• Braille Display

• Screen Magnifier

• On-Screen Keyboard

• Gestures (used at login, for example gdm)

• Orca

• GOK

• emacspeak

Topic 107: Administrative Tasks

107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files

Key Knowledge Areas

• Add, modify and remove users and groups.

• Manage user/group info in password/group databases.

• Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/passwd

• /etc/shadow

• /etc/group

• /etc/skel

• chage

• groupadd

• groupdel

• groupmod

• passwd

• useradd

• userdel

• usermod

107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs

Key Knowledge Areas

• Manage cron and at jobs.

• Configure user access to cron and at services.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}

• /etc/at.deny

• /etc/at.allow

• /etc/crontab

• /etc/cron.allow

• /etc/cron.deny

• /var/spool/cron/*

• crontab

• at

• atq

• atrm

107.3 Localisation and internationalisation

Key Knowledge Areas

• Locale settings.

• Timezone settings.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/timezone

• /etc/localtime

• /usr/share/zoneinfo

• Environment variables:

  • LC_*

  • LC_ALL

  • LANG

• /usr/bin/locale

• tzselect

• tzconfig

• date

• iconv

• UTF-8

• ISO-8859

• ASCII

• Unicode

Topic 108: Essential System Services

108.1 Maintain system time

Key Knowledge Areas

• Set the system date and time.

• Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.

• Configure the correct timezone.

• Basic NTP configuration.

• Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /usr/share/zoneinfo

• /etc/timezone

• /etc/localtime

• /etc/ntp.conf

• date

• hwclock

• ntpd

• ntpdate

• pool.ntp.org

108.2 System logging

Key Knowledge Areas

• syslog configuration files

• syslog

• standard facilities, priorities and actions

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• syslog.conf

• syslogd

• klogd

• logger

108.3 Mail Tranfer Agent (MTA) basics

Key Knowledge Areas

• Create e-mail aliases.

• Configure e-mail forwarding.

• Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration)

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ~/.forward

• sendmail emulation layer commands

• newaliases

• mail

• mailq

• postfix

• sendmail

• exim

• qmail

108.4 Manage printers and printing

Key Knowledge Areas

• Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).

• Manage user print queues.

• Troubleshoot general printing problems.

• Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities

• /etc/cups

• lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)

Topic 109: Networking Fundamentals

109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols

Key Knowledge Areas

• Demonstrate an understanding network masks.

• Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP-Addresses.

• Setting a default route.

• Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 119, 139, 143, 161, 443, 465, 993, 995).

• Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.

• Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPV6.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/services

• ftp

• telnet

• host

• ping

• dig

• traceroute

• tracepath

109.2 Basic network configuration

Key Knowledge Areas

• Manually and automatically configure network interfaces

• Basic TCP/IP host configuration.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/hostname

• /etc/hosts

• /etc/resolv.conf

• /etc/nsswitch.conf

• ifconfig

• ifup

• ifdown

• route

• ping

109.3 Basic network troubleshooting

Key Knowledge Areas

• Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces.

• Change, view, or configure the routing table and correct an improperly set default route manually.

• Debug problems associated with the network configuration.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ifconfig

• ifup

• ifdown

• route

• host

• hostname

• dig

• netstat

• ping

• traceroute

109.4 Configure client side DNS

Key Knowledge Areas

• Demonstrate the use of DNS on the local system.

• Modify the order in which name resolution is done.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/hosts

• /etc/resolv.conf

• /etc/nsswitch.conf

Topic 110: Security

110.1 Perform security administration tasks

Key Knowledge Areas

• Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.

• Set or change user passwords and password aging information.

• Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.

• Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.

• Basic sudo configuration and usage.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• find

• passwd

• lsof

• nmap

• chage

• netstat

• sudo

• /etc/sudoers

• su

• usermod

• ulimit

110.2 Setup host security

Key Knowledge Areas

• Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.

• Turn off network services not in use.

• Understand the role of TCP wrappers.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/nologin

• /etc/passwd

• /etc/shadow

• /etc/xinetd.d/*

• /etc/xinetd.conf

• /etc/inet.d/*

• /etc/inetd.conf

• /etc/inittab

• /etc/init.d/*

• /etc/hosts.allow

• /etc/hosts.deny

110.3 Securing data with encryption

Key Knowledge Areas

• Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.

• Understand the role of OpenSSH? 2 server host keys

• Perform basic GnuPG configuration and usage.

• Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ssh

• ssh-keygen

• ssh-agent

• ssh-add

• ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub

• ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub

• /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub

• /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub

• ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

• /etc/ssh_known_hosts

• gpg

• ~/.gnupg/*